Mismatched Social Security Numbers: an Employer's Dilemma

A federal district court judge from the Northern Districtstatus is irrelevant to the issue of liability. No inquiry is
of California ruled that the government cannot usepermitted into a person's immigration status except
mismatched Social Security data to root out illegalwhen necessary to comply with federal immigration
immigrants from the workforce, declaring that suchlaw.
enforcement actions would do 'irreparable harm toAll employers are required to have an employee
innocent workers and employers." Judge Breyer issuedexecute an INS I-9 Employment Eligibility Verification
a preliminary injunction temporarily preventing theand give documents verifying his or her legality to
Department of Homeland Security from beginning awork. An employer complies with the verification
program to punish companies that do not clear uprequirements for document examination if the
discrepancies between their workers' names anddocuments reasonably appear on their face to be
Social Security numbers within 90 days after receivinggenuine. An employer is not required to further
a letter from Social Security advising them of theinvestigate the authenticity of documents that meet
discrepancy.that criterion. An employer is liable for accepting
What does this mean for employers? What shoulddocuments if the employer knows or has reason to
they do if they are faced with an employee's nameknow that the documents are false.
that does not match the Social Security Number?In summary, if the employer knew or should have
Employers have to tread lightly in California inknown, because of the availability of certain
summarily terminating employees because ofinformation, that the applicant alien held an unauthorized
discrepancies in Social Security numbers. Mismatchedstatus and had no right to work, the employer will be
Social Security data could be evidence that someoneheld liable.
is unauthorized to work, or it could also be caused byThe new Homeland Security provision basically takes
a typo or name change. If an Employer takes thethe employer's duty further than just asking for
position that an employee with a mismatched Socialverification to work in the United States, but makes an
Security number is unauthorized to work and thereforeemployer an INS agent by requiring the employer to
should be terminated, the employer is looking forinvestigate the validity of documents presented for
trouble.verification.
First, the new Homeland Security provisions place aWill employers begin to target certain ethnic and racial
burden on employers to comply with a new 90-daygroups and systematically not hire them, because they
time frame for resolving mismatches. The scope ofare known by the employer as a group that receives
the rule would have staggering effects on employers,mismatched social security letters? Even if a mismatch
prompting them to develop costly personnel systemsletter is sent, this does not give the employer the right
and fire workers who may be legally employed, thusto terminate. If an employer receives a mismatch letter,
exposing them to liability for wrongful termination. Thethe employer should re-verify work authorization by
liability exposure for employers summarily terminatingallowing the employee another opportunity to present
employees with mismatched numbers could beacceptable documentation and complete a new I-9. If
staggering.the employee is unable to produce acceptable
Under California law all individuals who have applied fordocumentation, then an employer may be faced with
employment or who are or who have been employedtermination of the employee's employment to avoid
in the State are entitled to all protections, rights, andpenalties for 'knowingly continuing to employ' an
remedies available under state laws, except anyunauthorized worker. However, if the employee
reinstatement remedy prohibited by federal law,presents the same documentation for a new I-9 and
regardless of immigration status. The law furthermaintains the documentation he or she originally
provides that for the purposes of enforcing stateprovided to verify the first I-9 is valid, an employer is still
employment and civil rights laws, a person's immigrationtaking a substantial risk in terminating.